今天终于有时间来仔细看下stdin,stdout和stderr了
标准输入重定向（STDIN，文件描述符为 0）：默认从键盘输入，也可从其他文件或命令中输入。
标准输出重定向（STDOUT，文件描述符为 1）：默认输出到屏幕。
错误输出重定向（STDERR，文件描述符为 2）：默认输出到屏幕。
“stdout”按理来说应该表示为”1>”, 我们可以默认的写成”>”, 重定向stderr可以用”2>”来表示
./error.sh 2> capture.txt
表示把错误信息重定向到capture.txt
./error.sh 1> capture.txt 2> error.txt
表示把标准输出定向到capture.txt, 把错误定向到error.txt
./error.sh > capture.txt 2&>1
capture.txt 表示标准输出重定向到capture.txt, 2>&1, 表示“redirect stream 2, stderr, to the same destination that stream 1, stdout, is being redirected to”
总结一下:
输入重定向：
命令 < 文件 将文件作为命令的标准输入
命令 << 分隔符 从标准输入中读入，直到遇见分隔符才停止
命令 < A1 > A2 将文件A1作为命令的标准输入并将标准输出到文件A2
命令 > 文件 将标准输出重定向到一个文件中（清空原有文件的数据）
命令 2> 文件 将错误输出重定向到一个文件中（清空原有文件的数据）
命令 >> 文件 将标准输出重定向到一个文件中（追加到原有内容的后面）
命令 2>> 文件 将错误输出重定向到一个文件中（追加到原有内容的后面）
命令 >> 文件 2>&1 或 命令 &>> 文件 将标准输出与错误输出共同写入到文件中（追加到原有内容的后面）
askubuntu.com上面有个老外写了一个解释，非常的好记:
List:
command > output.txt
The standard output stream will be redirected to the file only, it will not be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, it gets overwritten.
command >> output.txt
The standard output stream will be redirected to the file only, it will not be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, the new data will get appended to the end of the file.
command 2> output.txt
The standard error stream will be redirected to the file only, it will not be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, it gets overwritten.
command 2>> output.txt
The standard error stream will be redirected to the file only, it will not be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, the new data will get appended to the end of the file.
command &> output.txt
Both the standard output and standard error stream will be redirected to the file only, nothing will be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, it gets overwritten.
command &>> output.txt
Both the standard output and standard error stream will be redirected to the file only, nothing will be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, the new data will get appended to the end of the file..
command | tee output.txt
The standard output stream will be copied to the file, it will still be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, it gets overwritten.
command | tee -a output.txt
The standard output stream will be copied to the file, it will still be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, the new data will get appended to the end of the file.
(*)
Bash has no shorthand syntax that allows piping only StdErr to a second command, which would be needed here in combination with tee again to complete the table. If you really need something like that, please look at "How to pipe stderr, and not stdout?" on Stack Overflow for some ways how this can be done e.g. by swapping streams or using process substitution.
command |& tee output.txt
Both the standard output and standard error streams will be copied to the file while still being visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, it gets overwritten.
command |& tee -a output.txt
Both the standard output and standard error streams will be copied to the file while still being visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, the new data will get appended to the end of the file.