河马的深度解析

这个属于ESXi的大版本升级，所以一般用两种方式: Cli 直接升级或者用vCSA Life Cycle Manager 用创建baseline 的方式升级

用cli的方式升级前面的文章已经写过了，因此这篇文章主要用来说以下用vCSA 的Life Cycle Manager 的方式升级

大概步骤也很简单，主要就是import ISO创建baseline, 然后相应的ESXi Host 选择baseline进行升级.

可以借鉴下面的两篇文章:

https://virtualg.uk/upgrade-esxi-6-7-to-7-0-lifecycle-manager-vlm/ 
https://www.nakivo.com/blog/how-to-upgrade-from-vmware-vsphere-esxi-6-7-to-7-0/

今天收了一台leaseweb服务器，上面有两个IP range，主IP是/29, 第二个IP range是/24.

第二个/24 IP range, 没有自己的gateway IP 和 broadcast IP，是因为直接把这个IP range static route 到服务器的主IP，这样做的好处是省了两个IP. 但是对于虚拟化来说，这却是个不好的消息. 因为没有gateway，需要自己设置一个gateway，比较麻烦. 下面是搜索到的解决方案:

1) 来自于WHT: 

https://www.webhostingtalk.com/showthread.php?t=1411451

————————————–

1) Secondary IP blocks are delivered as a static route towards the main IP of the server. I
f you are binding these IPs directly to your machine, you should use a 255.255.255.255 netmask 
for each IP to allow all IPs to be usable.
If you are performing virtualization with anything other than OpenVZ, then you would 
need to establish a gateway in the secondary block and subnet accordingly on your side.
---
2) Secondary ranges are statically routed towards the main IP of the server itself and
 there is no defined gateway on our side. If you are using these directly on the machine
 or with OpenVZ, then no special configuration is needed and all IPs within the secondary
 subnet may be utilized without waste for a network, gateway, or broadcast. If you are
 configuring with Xen, KVM, or other similar methods of virtualization, you would need
 to setup a routed bridge to create a gateway for your VMs.

2) 来自于lowendtalk

https://www.lowendtalk.com/discussion/167250/proxmox-on-buyvm-routing
https://www.lowendtalk.com/discussion/122957/routing-ip-address-on-a-network-bridge

3) 来自于iweb.com, 在他们的knowledgebase 直接写了几个example, 如果用hyper-v 或者proxmox 的话会非常舒服，用esxi 的话也基本上是一个原理.

在Linux下:

Additional IPs at iWeb are not provided with an additional gateway so customers using VMWare or other virtualization tools might be wondering how they can use the additional IPs to create new Guest OS or Virtual Machines. It can be done by configuring VMWare to bridge connection to eth0.

Here is the specific way to make it work
Configure your first additional IP as a secondary IP on eth0:0
IP configuration is done in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0
Enable IP forwarding to route VM traffic
IP forwarding can be enabled by adding net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 to /etc/sysctl.conf
In VMWare make sure that your VM uses the bridge connection to eth0.
Configure your VM with one of your remaining 5 additional IPs.
The netmask is 255.255.255.248 (If you have been provided with 6 IPs). You can calculate the netmask via a website such as http://www.ipcalc.net/
Use XX.XX.XX.1 as the gateway
Example with actual IPs:

If you have been assigned the following additional IPs:

72.55.155.169
72.55.155.170
72.55.155.171
72.55.155.172
72.55.155.173
72.55.155.174
You would :

Configure the ip 72.55.155.169 as a secondary IP on eth0:0
Enable IP forwarding to route VM traffic
Make sure that your VM uses the bridge connection to eth0
Configure your VM with one of the available IPs (.170, .171, .172, .173 or .174)
Use 255.255.255.248 as the Netmask.
Use 72.55.155.169 as gateway.
Your VM’s network should now be properly configured!

在windows下:

This document takes in consideration that the host server network interface is configured with the following network configuration

Primary IP: <your primary ip address>
Netmask: 255.255.255.224
Gateway: <your primary ip address gateway>
Secondary IP: <your secondary ip address>
Netmask: 255.255.255.248
Gateway: <your primary ip address gateway>:
The secondary IP is crucial since it acts as a gateway for the virtual machine, in this case we used the first IP of the range.

Step 1. Enable bridged network configuration on virtual network interfaces

Open Start->Program Files->Vmware->Vmware server->Manage Virtual network
Open the Automatic bridging tab
Uncheck the automatic bridging
Open the Host Virtual Network Mapping tab
In the vmnet0 drop down menu select the interfaces which is configured with your primary address
Close the virtual network manager
Open Start->Program Files->Vmware->Vmware server-> Vmware server
Within the summary of the vm set the network interface for each vm to bridged
Step 2. Configure vm virtual network interfaces

Open the vm you wish to configure
Open Start->Network Connections (within the vm)
Configure the network interface with one of your secondary ip address (except the secondary ip you are using on the main host):
IP: <another secondary ip address>
Netmask: 255.255.255.248
Gateway: <the main host secondary ip address>
Step 3. Enable routing and remote access

Mare sure the windows firewall is disabled.

Routing and Remote access must be enabled on the main host as well as the vm’s

Open Start->Administrative Tools->Routing and Remote access
Right-click on the server
Select Configure and Enable Routing and Remote access
Select Custom configuration, click next
Select LAN Routing, click next
Click Finish
Make sure the service is started
Update: Since September 2012, iWeb provides a /28 range of primary IP. It allows you to use the same gateway for the VM as well as the host itself in bridge mode.